Wooden Wedding Rings

Navneet asked:


The so called “Golden Ring of Russia” is a symbolical ring connecting historical towns and cities to the North-West of Moscow? They represent 1,000 years of rich Russian history written in stone and wood, from a 850-year old church in Rostov to a 19th-century log house in the Suzdal’s open air museum. Each of the “golden” towns once played an important role in the history of Russia and was connected in one way or another with famous historical figures such as Alexander Nevsky, Ivan the Terrible, Peter the Great and many others. If you would like to see true, patriarchal Russia, to experience the grandeur of nature and the magnificence of ancient towns then a Golden Ring tour is well worth taking. It is one of the most popular routes among Russian and foreign lovers of Old Russian history and architecture.

WHAT TO SEE: The cities and towns of the Golden Ring are listed here in alphabetical order:

Aleksandrov (founded in 1530, population 68,000) - The town is situated 100 km from Moscow on the crossway of ancient roads from the largest historic centers of Russia - Vladimir and Suzdal, Rostov and Yaroslavl, Sergiev Posad and Pereyaslavl-Zalessky. In 1564- 1581 the town was the residence of Ivan the Terrible. In Aleksandrov the tsar proclaimed the establishment of his select, terror-inspiring corps, the Oprichniki and signed the harsh conditions of the truce with Poland and Sweden after losing the long war with Livonia. From Aleksandrov Ivan the Terrible led his army of Oprichniki to strike at the big trade centers of Novgorod, Pskov, Klin and Tver. Here the cruel tsar killed his son in a rage and soon after that left Aleksandrov forever coming back to Moscow. The very first in Russia publishing house was established in Aleksandrov in 1576.

Bogolubovo (founded in 990, population 4,000) - a tiny quiet town near the city of Vladimir. The town was named after the Russian prince Andrey Bogolubsky (God-loving) who built the first fortified settlement here in 1165. It was a strategically important point overlooking the Kliazma River. Tourists can see remains of the Andery Bogolubsky’s residence including some residential chambers of the 12th century and the beautiful Church of the Intercession of the Virgin on the Nerl (1165) which is considered to be one of the finest specimens of old Russian architecture.

Gorohovets (founded in 1239, population 30,000) - The town was founded under Vladimir prince Andrey Bogolubsky. The town is picturesquely settled on the high bank of the Klyazma River. Played role as a fortified forepost until 1600-s. Reached its developmental pick in the 17-th century as a local centre for blacksmithing, textile-making and making of leather and also as an agricultural trade centre for grains and flax.

Gus-Khrustalny (founded in 1756, population 80,000) - Over 200 years ago a merchant built here the first workshop of glass casting. Today the town is one of the district centers of Vladimir region, well-known in Russia and abroad as the national center of glassmaking. The name Gus-Krustalny can be literally translated as Chrystalline Goose. The old part of the town is a workmen’s settlement of 1900-s. with its own Church of St. Joachim of 1816.

Kholuy (founded 1650, population 1,000) - The village of Kholui did not begin producing lacquered miniatures until the 1930s, and though iconography had been an important trade in the region in previous centuries, Kholui was never bound to any particular artistic tradition. Rather, Kholui miniatures share some traits with both Palekh and Mstera art, yet maintain a distinctive lyrical quality of their own. As in Palekh and Mstera, Kholui artists use egg tempera paints. Kholui paintings tend to be brighter than Mstera’s, though like Mstera, the pigments used are opaque and the background is usually fully painted. Sometimes, as with Palekh miniatures, Kholui miniatures will include some fine gold and/or silver ornamentation within the painting, and Kholui artists can create fantastic border ornaments on par with those of Palekh. Since 1960-s products of Kholuy’s 200 artists have been widely represented and promoted internationally.

Kostroma (founded in 1213, population 300,000) - In the past Kostroma was known as “the flax capital of the north”; it supplied Europe with the world’s finest sail-cloth. The city has been also called as the “cradle of the Romanov dynasty”. Mikhail Romanov, the first of the Romanov dynasty, left the Ipatievsky Monastery for Moscow in 1613 to become tsar of Russia. During the Polish intervention in the turbulent years of the early seventeenth century Kostroma was a significant stronghold for the resistance movement. The city is spreaded on the left bank of the Volga river. Nowadays Kostroma is an important industrial center (textile, metal works), a capital city of the Kostroma province.

Mstera (founded in 1628, population 6,000) - the town takes its name from the little Msterka River, which flows through it merging with the Kliyazma. It is in Vladimir Region, but not far from the border with Ivanovo Region, south of Palekh and Kholui, in breathtakingly beautiful countryside - the one that forms the backdrop to its paintings. Mstera was a respected center of icon production until the trade was banned after the Revolution of 1917. Since then its artists has been creating world-famous masterpieces in the form of lacquered miniatures. In keeping with the traditions of iconography, egg tempera paints are still used. The landscape is of central importance to the painting with people and objects integrated to the setting. Mstera paintings are frequently larger than those from the other schools but some fine miniatures are also produced and because of their rarity are highly prized. Typical themes include exquisite floral designs with lacy gold ornamentation, the traditional fairy tales, traditional activities and events such as a winter festival, and sometimes portraiture.

Murom (founded 862, population 145,000) - one of the oldest Russian cites stretched along the left bank of the Oka river. The town’s name originates from “muroma”, one of the Finno-Ugric tribes lived here 15 centuries ago. Every Russian knows the name Ilya Muromets. He was a mythical epic hero defending people of Russia and later became a synonym of superior physical and spiritual power and integrity, dedicated to the protection of the Homeland. There is a monument to Ilya Muromets built on a river bank of the Oka river in Murom. The town survived three Mongol invasions. In the 17th century Murom became an important centre of various crafts - building, painting, sawing. There are three working monasteries in Murom.

Palekh (founded 1600, population 6,000) - the village is situated about 400km (250 miles) from Moscow in the Ivanovo region. In the 15th century it was one of the first centers of icon drawing trade. After the 1917 communist coup, when the icon business went down, Palekh masters tried to decorate wooden toys, dishes, porcelain and glass. But the most interesting way turned out to be painting black-lacquered boxes made of papier-mache. These days the name of Palekh is nearly synonymous with the art of Russian lacquer. Palekh artists are generally regarded as the most highly trained of the Russian miniature painters. Famous for highly detailed miniatures with elaborate ornamentation, the village of Palekh has a long artistic tradition. Like their icon painting forebears, today’s Palekh artists use egg tempera paints and paint in the Byzantine style. Favored themes are the Russian fairy tales, the famous Russian troika (three horse sleigh), and scenes of life in the countryside. The art of Palekh miniatures expresses the true national character. Many examples of Palekh art have received recognition at international exhibitions and have become world-known.

Pereslavl-Zalesskiy (founded in 1152, population 45,000) - one of the oldest Russian towns, the birthplace of the famous Russian prince Alexander Nevsky, who defeated an army of German knights in 1242. Zalessky means “behind the woods”. That is where, behind the dense forests, ancient Slavic tribes retreated seeking refuge from hostile nomads coming from the South-East. The town is situated on the shores of the huge Pleshcheyevo lake. The town is also connected with the name of the famed Russian tsar-reformer Peter the Great who in 1680-s practiced his skills in ship-building making over 100 boats and sail vessels, who entertained himself with first Russian navy exercises on the Pleshcheyevo lake.

Ples (founded in 1410, population 4,000) - this quet little historical town is located on the bank of the mighty and beautiful Volga river. During the reign of Ivan the Terrible Ples was one of the largest river firsh suppliers to the kings’ court. In the 18-19th centuries the town became known as a popular resort and was often called “Russian Switzerland” for the beauty of its scenery. Numerous Russian artists including the famous master of landscapes Levitan used to come here to work.

Rostov Veliky (Rostov the Great, founded in 862, population 40,000) - another pearl of ancient Russian culture. In old Russia only two towns were called veliky (great). One was Novgorod, the famous trade centre of the Russia’s north, the other Rostov. The Principality of Rostov-Suzdal-Vladimir was one of the strongest political divisions of Kievan Rus. It controlled all the major rivers in northeast Rus including the Moskva, Oka, Kliazma, and Volga. In the 12th century Rostov grew to equal Kiev and Novgorod in size and importance. It was made the seat of an Orthodox Metropolitan (Head of Russian Church) in 1587, and served as an important commercial center in the 16-19th centuries, one of the wealthiest in the country, so it could afford to hire the very best builders, decorators and stone-cutters. Modern Rostov is a sleepy old town with some magnificent buildings next to the shallow Nero lake.



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Alex Moller asked:


Sealants in building construction and maintenance

Cements of part of silicone are of everyday usage to seal gaps, joints and cracks in the buildings. Silicones are abundantly available for this purpose, in the professional, as well as the categories with the detail. Treatment of part of silicones by absorbing the humidity of the atmosphere, which helps in the professional installation. To make a very soft silicone joint, independently to mask the edges with the band, if practical, the professional matting tools often wet the spoons out of wooden and the tools out of wooden matched and hand-wrought, that they soak in water with the diluted dishsoap. Silicone will not stick to the wet and soapy wood, which makes this ideal to create a perfectly soft surface. - it-yourselfers typically use a finger humidified to trace the pearls ordered in the silicone stopping-up. The similar methods function for the urethan stopping-up, which silicones completely strongly compete with.

White silicones frequently slightly turn the yellow with time. The force and the reliability of the silicone rubber are largely recognized in the construction trade. The factories of body of motor vehicle and the stores of painting must avoid the presence of all silicones, because only one council of its presence in any form can cause serious failures in paintings of the motor vehicles. Suppliers and the contractors with such factories are often requested to check in the writing which they will introduce no silicone into the factory. In the piping and the fields of the motor vehicles, the silicone grease is often employed like lubricant. Wire of the motor vehicles of spark plug are often insulated by multiple layers from silicone. Such a construction prevents the spark from jumping to an adjacent wire, causing a failure. It to the minimum reduces also the IFR, which can interfere a commercial computer of engine. In piping, grease is typically applied to the rings in the taps and of the valves. In the field of the motor vehicles, the silicone grease is typically employed as lubricating for components of brake since it is stable at high temperatures, is not water-soluble, and is less remote than other lubricants to clog brake linings.

Cooking applications

Silicone is also soaked in the parchment paper and employed like material with not-stick for applications such as the treatment to the furnace and cooking to the vapor. Silicone also does the lubricate-resistant paper heat and it. This makes it possible paper to stripe sheets and the act of biscuit like replacement to lubricate, dispatching of this fact the series production of the goods cooked with the furnace. It is also used generally in the pocket making cook, where ingredients are sealed in a made parchment paper container and allowed to cook with the vapor. The silicone rubber is also employed to make the ustensils (in particular spatulas) and the bakeware.

Electronic components

Of the electronic components are sometimes protected from the environmental influence by locking up them out of silicone. This increases stability against the shock, the radiation, the vibration and particularly the electric insulation. Silicones are selected above the polyurethane or the epoxy encapsulation when a great choice of operating temperature is required (- 150 to 600 F). Silicones also have the advantage of little rise exothermic in heat during the treatment, low toxicity, the good electric properties and the great purity. Consequently it is employed when longevity and the high output are required components under hard conditions, as in space (satellite technology). Silicones, however to be relatively expensive and can be attacked by solvents. (See the resin frame for the way whose silicones can be distributed in the production of chart). [to publish] the menstrual cups a menstrual cup is a type of the cup or barrier carried inside the ****** during the menstruation to gather the menstrual fluid. Menstrual cups are often made of silicone for its longevity and reutilisability.



How To Photograph A Wedding. Wedding Photography Techniques For Photographers. Photographing A Wedding, Find Out The Secrets Of A Professional.

reowrrrr asked:


Sorry I do not have the names of the victims or the killer. The killer was my grandmothers nephew. I do know that his fathers name was Robert and I believe his mothers name was Kathleen or carolyn? He killed at least 4 people at different times. This is why I say ’serial killer’. I know that he buried at least one of his victims in my grandmothers backyard. Police were called to the scene due to the smell and discovered the victim buried in a shallow grave in the backyard. I believe something was covering the grave such as a cardboard or wooden board. My father said he was one of the first people to be executed in oregon in several years. However, when I did a search for executed criminals their crimes did not match this. Does this ring a bell to anyone? I’m just curious as the family has kept this very hush hush and I was too young to understand what was going on. Again, at least 4 victims. and at least one (maybe more) found buried in the backyard in late 80s/early 90s
you’re right. That wasn’t the answer I was looking for. Who said anything about dwelling in the past or present for that matter? It’s called history. If you don’t understand the importance of history, I don’t know what to tell you.
actually, a person is considered a serial killer if they kill 3 or more people within a span of time. I don’t live in oregon. so, finding newspaper articles isn’t that easy.
ok, found it. He is not a serial killer. He only killed 2 people. He would have been one had he not been caught. Robert Paul Langley was his name. beat one victim that survived with a hammer. And killed 2 others and buried 1 of them under a cactus garden at a state mental hospital where he was staying.

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kit walker asked:


In the song “Lovely Money”..Who provides the monologue ‘about the wooden leg’?…’got a chainsaw out and counted the rings you silly oaf’….

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Ron Peterson asked:


Diamonds and gold are precious materials and after investing so much in purchasing them, it is important to clean them in a way that will retain and enhance their original beauty. If you are not sure about how to do it, I would like to present some basic maintenance tips for diamond and gold jewelry.

Hand lotions, hair styling products and everyday oil and dirt leave a film on diamond and gold jewelry preventing them from sparkling. This material can accumulate into a thick layer of gunk on the back of the stone if you wait too long between cleanings.

Diamonds are the hardest substance known but the coatings and other materials that are used to enhance them can sometimes be removed by harsh cleansers and vigorous scrubbing. So, you should remove the dirt and film in a careful way.

First you should find out if treatments were applied to the diamond before it was placed in a setting? If you have this information then it probably means you’ve done enough research to know how to keep the ring clean without damaging it. In any case, here is a method to clean jewelry safely:

1. Soak diamond rings in a warm solution of mild liquid detergent and water. Ivory dishwashing liquid is good, but other mild detergents are fine.

2. Use a soft brush, if necessary to remove dirt. Soft is the word-don’t use a brush with bristles that are stiff enough to scratch the ring’s metal setting.

3. Swish the ring around in the solution then rinse it thoroughly in warm water. Close the drain or put the ring in a strainer to keep from losing it!

4. Dry the ring with lint-free cloth

For extra power, use a Water Pik. It provides stream of water that flushes away the grime. If you don’t have a Water Pik, then use a wooden toothpick to carefully push dirt away from stone and setting.

Cleaning Unfilled Diamonds

Diamonds that have not been fracture-filled can be cleaned with an ammonia/water solution. Use a gentler liquid detergent solution for fracture-filled diamonds. Ammonia can eventually cloud or remove the coating placed on the stone.

If the ring has other gemstones then there are additional precautions to take. When cleaning any piece of jewelry, you must protect its weakest element. If the setting includes other gems, use a cleaning method suitable for the less durable stones.

When you use household chemicals, think about your jewelry. Remove rings or wear gloves to protect them from products like chlorine, because it damages metals. Avoid bleaches and hair dyes on your fine jewelry.

Diamonds and gold are beautiful and durable. If you clean your jewelry properly you will enjoy it for a lifetime.



Wedding Planning Secrets. How To Have Your Fairytale Wedding On A Shoestring Budget.

Suneva asked:


Are you preparing to be married? If you are, then certainly you have given thought to the symbol of your marriage-the wedding band ring. Beyond the tradition and lore of the wedding ring from centuries past, it is your personal definition of what your wedding ring should be, in design, style and features that is most important.

A wedding band ring with its circular form exemplifies eternity, this is the ideal of marriage, two people commit to living their entire lives together. Therefore, while a wedding ring can be a simple band of gold, the quality of that gold should reflect a timelessness that speaks to your devotion to one another. You can enhance your wedding band ring as a symbol of your fidelity by having your names and marriage date engraved inside.

In fact, while there are traditions that view the giving of the wedding ring as the last in a series of gifts, today this custom is evolving into new ways to express the continuance of commitment in marriage with the “eternity” ring, to symbolize the happiness of a lasting marriage. In addition to this ring, there is now the “trilogy” ring, set with three brilliant cut round diamonds to represent the past, present and future of a relationship.

A wedding band ring is not just another piece of jewelry. Once it is placed on your finger, it will be worn more consistently than any other jewelry item you may acquire. Hence, the quality of the material is of utmost importance. Should you purchase a wedding ring based solely on the fact that it is being sold for a low price, you may find that over time, your wedding ring begins to lose its luster.

However a quality wedding band does not have to be prohibitively expensive, the Benchmark jewelers have a splendid array of wedding band rings in gold, platinum as well as rings made by combining two rings with both of these precious metals.

The tradition of the gold wedding band ring stems from ancient times as gold has always been considered the most beautiful and most valuable metal, partly because of its link to the human heart which has a high concentration of gold.

Gold has an intrinsic beauty, the warmth of its color continually reminds us of the center of our solar system, and in essence, when a gold wedding band ring encircles your finger in marriage, you become the center of another persons’ universe. Benchmark jewelers have designed an extraordinary selection of 14 karat gold wedding band rings of outstanding quality that truly reflect the deepest inner emotions that create a lasting marriage.

But, perhaps you prefer a wedding band ring with diamonds? If so, with the hundreds of styles and designs available for you to choose from, it is very easy to become overwhelmed, but the jewelers at Benchmark have made it simple: they provide you with only the best.

No doubt you have heard this phrase before, so how can you be sure that the gold wedding bands at Benchmark are indeed the best? Because they are one the only handful jewelers in the world that uses precision setting for their jewelry with diamond settings. Precision setting reveals a higher percentage of the stone to the eye, while providing a more secure setting for the stone.

There are many details involved in creating a lasting marriage filled with happiness, as you select your Benchmark wedding ring bands, you can be confident in its quality craftsmanship and design that it will continue to be as beautiful in the years to come as it was on your wedding day.



Wedding Planning Secrets. How To Have Your Fairytale Wedding On A Shoestring Budget.

zeradiostar asked:


This table costs more than my car…help!

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Racine_Jet asked:


The box appears to be a nice walnut but looks almost like a mahogony stain. Someone thought maybe this was a box used to call servants or maybe used in a theater to announce the end of intermission?? Any ideas would be greatly appreciated.

Best Bridal Shower Games And More - Printable Games, Themes And More.

vicodin_will_ease_your_pain asked:


ok i am having trouble…i left a glass on the table and spilled some milk by accident and it made a milky ring around the glass. it was left there for too long and now its a big white ring on the wooden table which is very noticable. and i tried wiping it off with a sponge and scrubbing it..but it wont come off!!! any suggestions ppl??

Wedding Planning Secrets. How To Have Your Fairytale Wedding On A Shoestring Budget.

Masni Rizal Mansor asked:


The wedding ring is perhaps the single most important piece of jewelry that you will give to your spouse in your lifetime. It is important that you choose a timeless ring that will not become outdated or unstylish after a length of time. Men and women have different options available to them when choosing a wedding ring and it is not required that they choose matching rings. The couple traditionally picks out their rings together so there is no need for either the bride or groom to become unnecessarily stressed out about choosing the perfect wedding ring. Choosing the rings together takes a great deal of pressure off of the couple because they do not have to worry that their spouse may not like the ring that is expected to last for their entire lifetime.

The material of the ring is an important consideration for both men’s and women’s rings. The most common materials include gold, silver and platinum although the rings can be made of any material that the couple chooses. Gold is the most popular wedding ring material. Gold can be 14 karat gold, 18 karat gold and 24 karat gold. Of these three options 14 karat gold is the type that is most recommended for wedding rings. 14 karat gold is durable without sacrificing luster. 18 karat gold can also be used for wedding rings but because it is a softer metal it is more prone to scratches. 24 karat gold is even softer than 18 karat gold and many do not recommended creating rings out of 24 karat gold because it is so prone to scratches. Silver is another metal that can also be used in creating a wedding ring. Silver is a soft white metal that is very soft and therefore prone to scratching. Additionally it is also prone to tarnishing and discolorations but it is still a popular choice because of its relatively low cost. Platinum is a precious metal that is becoming increasingly popular as wedding ring material. Although platinum is considered too soft to be used in making rings, small amounts of ruthenium and iridium can be added to platinum to increase the hardness and result in a wedding ring that is extremely durable.

After choosing a metal for the wedding ring, it is time to consider the style of the ring. When it comes to style there are even more options available then there are for metals. Some of the basic wedding ring styles include flat bands, half-round bands and comfit bands. A flat band is one that is rectangular in cross section. These types of bands are also decorated with engravings. Half-round bands are the most traditional style available. These bands are flat on the underside or against the finger and have an arched structure on the top. Comfort-fit bands feature an oval cross section and they are heavier and more expensive than the other types of rings. If a bride intends to wear her wedding band with her engagement ring, she should consider choosing a wedding band style that matches her engagement ring so that neither one overpowers the other.

Once you have decided on a metal and style, it is time to choose whether or not to engrave your wedding ring. A good jeweler should be capable of engraving anything you want onto your ring including letters, numbers and symbols. Many couples choose to have their names or initial along with the wedding date engraved on the inside of the ring. This is not necessary though as the couple is not required to have the rings engraved. If the couple does opt for engraving though, they must realize that they can choose to engrave anything they wish on the rings. It could either be names and the wedding date or a phrase that has significant meaning to the couple.

The wedding ring is a very important piece of jewelry because it is meant to be worn for a lifetime. When choosing a wedding ring the material of the ring, the style of the ring and whether or not to include an engraved sentiment are just a few of the factors to consider. Shopping for a wedding ring can be a wonderful experience if the couple makes an effort to enjoy the experience instead of stressing about it.



Best Bridal Shower Games And More - Printable Games, Themes And More.

Gabby asked:


Brazil. please help. i have somethign that goes like:Brazil is home to many things,
Soccer,Beaches,and wooden rings.
Brazil has very different entertainment.
thats all i have

Best Bridal Shower Games And More - Printable Games, Themes And More.

threefourthbridalset asked:

Hello!

I am selling a bridal set engagement and wedding ring.

The engagement ring is 1/2 carat andthe wedding band uis 1/4 carat. The medal is 14k white gold.

I am selling the rings for 725 dollars and this includes lifetimes warranties (I will give you all of the paperwork).

If you are interested please visit my craigslist ad and email me! Thanks

http://atlanta.craigslist.org/jwl/874806932.html

Create Your Own Wedding Flowers. Step-by-step Guide To Creating Fantastic Wedding Flowers.

rodentpruszkow asked:

Working with wedding rings on lathe

Wedding Planning Secrets. How To Have Your Fairytale Wedding On A Shoestring Budget.

susanaparedesb asked:

http://earthexpressions.etsy.com
Handmade Graphic Jewelry on Etsy.com
Tile Pendants from wood and glass, polymer clay and wood rings, artisan jewelry and accesories, visit EarthExpressions.etsy.com
Song: Waiting For Yesterday

Amazing Wedding Planning

Derek Brown asked:


 There are various types of curtain headings and ways of both holding curtains up and securing them to the curtain pole or track

The traditional method is that of using a curtain tape that is sewn (and sometimes glued using an iron-on adhesive) into the top of the curtain. There are various different types and styles of curtain tape depending upon the desired look or effect and the application, ie type and weight of curtain. The most popular has been “pencil pleat”, which comprises columns of pencil-sized ruffs packed together that slowly open up when the curtain is closed. The curtain tape achieves this through a series of cords that run through it and are sewn into the tape at the point of manufacture by the loom.

Meanwhile, the tape secures the curtain to the pole by means of sewn pockets (that are also part of the make-up of the tape) into which are inserted the curtain tape hooks, typically made of injection-moulded plastic or plated metal in brass or steel, which in turn loop into the curtain pole ring eye or curtain track runner eye. The pockets are typically arranged in columns of 3 in a 75mm wide tape, which is the industry standard. Sometimes a multi-pocket tape is used, which has up to 7 pockets in a column, for use for example in an old house or cottage where the floors and ceilings are uneven. Here it is possible to position the hooks in pockets to minutely change the curtain drop in order to compensate for uneven floors and ceilings.

Other types of tape heading include Triple-pleat, which can be achieved using a triple-pleat tape (although some workrooms prefer to create this heading by creative sewing alone) combined with a special triple pleat hook. There are also many more decorative headings that can be created using tapes, such as box-pleat (square blocks that zig-zag under and over each other) and goblet-pleat (where the tape is manufactured to ruche up into goblet-shaped pleats). Many of these have to be static headings that do not move, as they could not easily be bunched up when the curtain is opened, and so are often used on dress curtain for hotels and pubs where the curtains are never drawn.

The foremost brand of curtain tapes is Rufflette, which means “small ruff” or pleat. However, the fortunes of the Rufflette company are fading, as curtain tapes give way to other forms of curtain heading, that we will be exploring in part 2.



How To Photograph A Wedding. Wedding Photography Techniques For Photographers. Photographing A Wedding, Find Out The Secrets Of A Professional.

Low Jeremy asked:


A diamond ring is perhaps the most romantic gift that one can possibly give to a woman. The diamond ring for most people is a symbol of eternal and everlasting love, a love that will survive the hands of time. This is quite fitting as the diamond is the hardest element in the world.

Although the diamond ring did not come about until the turn of the 20th century because of the lack of supply, it has enjoyed considerable popularity among brides. In fact, a diamond wedding ring and a diamond engagement ring is considered as one of the essentials. Today, with the birth of new technology and the discovery of mining fields that supply diamonds, many can now afford the diamond ring for their loved ones.

Diamond rings come in all sorts of cuts and designs. One of the most popular is the princess cut and the brilliant cut, which can have more than 57 facets. One should also take into consideration the color of the diamond. The whiter the color, the more expensive it is. Another consideration is the clarity, which refers to the lack of imperfections in the stone.

With a lot of artisans and jewelry designers, there are perhaps a thousand styles to choose from, Victorian, Zen, Regency. One of the more modern styles is the one that uses the platinum as the setting. Unlike yellow gold and white gold, platinum has only gained ground in recent years. Brides are drawn to its unique color and luster. Platinum, in fact, is actually more expensive than gold.

This is because platinum is much harder to obtain and manufacture than gold or silver. In mining terms, it will take ten tons of ore to be able to produce an ounce of platinum. This is compared to the only three to four tons of ore that one needs to make an ounce of gold. In addition, there are also fewer platinum mines as compared to gold mines. In virtue of the laws of supply and demand, is it any wonder that the platinum diamond ring that you have been salivating for months now threaten to burn a hole in your pocket?

When selecting a platinum diamond wedding ring, it is important that you look for the signage or engraving that says PLAT or PT950. This means that the platinum is genuine and that it is 95 percent pure platinum. Without these, do not buy as you may be buying something that is not worth your money.



The Complete Intarsia Manual. For Woodworkers Of All Levels - Intarsia Techniques And Info On Tools, Wood Choices, Finishes, Etc., Plus Free Plans.

chemistmcg asked:

He gets so excited when he is crawling and makes the cutest noises. Notice also he will not let go of those wooden rings while he’s playing. One of his favorite toys. Taken 08-26-07, 8.5 months old

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dresscloth asked:


The Jewish hat also known as the Jewish cap, Judenhut (German) or Latin pilleus cornutus (”horned skullcap”), was a white or yellow cone-shaped pointed hat worn by Jews in Medieval Europe and some of the Islamic world. Initially worn by choice, its wearing was enforced in Europe after 1215 for adult male Jews to wear while outside a ghetto in order to distinguish Jews from others. Like the phrygian cap it often resembles, the hat may have originated in pre-Islamic Persia similar hat was worn by Babylonian Jews.

In Europe, the Jewish hat is seen in France from the 11th century, and Italy from the 12th, presumably arriving from the Islamic world. Under Jewish law, observant Jews should keep their heads covered almost all the time.[2] Unlike the yellow badge, the Jewish hat is often seen in illustrated Hebrew manuscripts, and was later included by German Jews in their seals and coats of arms, suggesting that at least initially it was regarded by European Jews as “an element of traditional garb, rather than an imposed discrimination”.[3] The hat is also worn in Christian pictures by figures such as Saint Joseph and sometimes Jesus (see below). However, once “made obligatory, the hat, hitherto deliberately different from hats worn by Christians, was viewed by Jews in a negative light”[4] A law in Breslau in 1267 said that since Jews had stopped wearing the pointed hats they used to wear, this would be made compulsory.

The Fourth Council of the Lateran of 1215 ruled that Jews and Muslims must be distinguishable by their dress (Latin “habitus”), the rationale given being: “In some provinces the dress of Jews and Saracens distinguishes them from Christians, but in others a degree of confusion has arisen, so that they cannot be recognised by any distinguishing marks. As a result, in error Christians have sexual *********** with Jewish or Saracen women, and Jews and Saracens have *********** with Christian women. In order that the crime of such an accursed mingling shall not in future have an excuse and an evasion under the pretext of error, we resolve that (Jews and Saracens) of both sexes in all Christian lands shall distinguish themselves publically from other people by their dress. According to the testimony of scripture, such a precept was already made by Moses (Lev.19.19; Deut.22.5.11)”.

More detailed rules were enacted locally by rulers. The council decision was confirmed by the Council of Vienne of 1311-12. In 1267 the hat was made compulsory in Vienna. A doctor was given a temporary dispensation from wearing it in Venice in 1528, at the request of various distinguished patients.[7] Pope Paul IV ordered in 1555 that in the Papal States it must be a yellow, peaked hat, and from 1567 for twenty years it was compulsory in Lithuania, but by this period it is rarely seen in most of Europe.[8] As an outcome of the Jewish Emancipation its use was formally discontinued, although it had been declining long before that, and is not often seen after 1500; the various forms of the yellow badge were far more long-lasting.[9] This was another form of distinguishing mark, not found in Europe before 1215, and later reintroduced by the *****. In some pictures from all parts of the Middle Ages, rabbis or other Jewish leaders wear the Jewish hat when other Jews do not, which may reflect reality.[10]

The shape of the hat is variable. Sometimes, especially in the 13th century, it is a soft Phrygian cap, but rather more common in the early period is a hat with a round circular brim - apparently stiff - curving round to a tapering top that ends in a point.[11] Smaller versions perching on top of the head are also seen. Sometimes a ring of some sort encircles the hat an inch or two over the top of the head. In the 14th century a ball or bobble appears at the top of the hat, and the tapering end becomes more of a stalk with a relatively constant width.[12] The top of the hat becomes flatter, or rounded (as in the Codex Manesse picture).

By the end of the Middle Ages the hat is steadily replaced by a variety of headgear including exotic flared Eastern style hats, turbans and, from the 15th century, wide flat hats and large berets. In pictures of Biblical scenes these sometimes represent attempts to portray the contemporary dress of the (modern) time worn in the Holy Land, but all the same styles are to be seen in some images of contemporary European scenes. Where a distinctive pointed Jewish hat remains it has become much less defined in shape, and baggy. Loose turbans, wide flat hats, and berets, as well as new fur hat styles from the Pale of Settlement, remain associated with Jews up to the 18th century and beyond.

For dhimmis (non-Muslims) to be clearly distinguishable from Muslims in public, Muslim rulers often prohibited dhimmis from wearing certain types of clothing, while forcing them to put on highly distinctive garments, usually of a bright color. The scholars cited the Pact of Umar in which Christians supposedly took an obligation to “always dress in the same way wherever we may be, and??bind the zunar [wide belt] round our waists”. Al-Nawawi required dhimmis to wear a piece of yellow cloth and a belt, as well as a metallic ring, inside public baths.

Regulations on dhimmi clothing varied frequently to please the whims of the ruler. Although the initiation of such regulations is usually attributed to Umar I, historical evidence suggests that it was the Abbasid caliphs who pioneered this practice. In 850 the caliph al-Mutawakkil ordered Christians and Jews to wear both a sash called a zunnah and a distinctive kind of shawl or headscarf called a taylasin (the Christians had already been required to wear the sash). He also required them to wear small bells in public baths. In the 11th century, the Fatimid caliph Al-Hakim ordered Christians to put on half-meter wooden crosses and Jews to wear wooden calves around their necks. In the late 12th century, Almohad ruler Abu Yusuf ordered the Jews of the Maghreb to wear dark blue garments with long sleeves and saddle-like caps. His grandson Abdallah al-Adil made a concession after appeals from the Jews, relaxing the required clothing to yellow garments and turbans. In the 16th century, Jews of the Maghreb could only wear sandals made of rushes and black turbans or caps with an extra red piece of cloth.[15]

http://www.himfr.com/buy-black_shirts/”>black shirtsOttoman sultans continued to regulate the clothing of their non-Muslim subjects. In 1577, Murad III issued a firman forbidding Jews and Christians from wearing dresses, turbans, and sandals. In 1580, he changed his mind, restricting the previous prohibition to turbans and requiring dhimmis to wear black shoes; Jews and Christians also had to wear red and black hats, respectively. Observing in 1730 that some Muslims took to the habit of wearing caps similar to those of the Jews, Mahmud I ordered the hanging of the perpetrators. Mustafa III personally helped to enforce his decrees regarding clothes. In 1758, he was walking incognito in Istanbul and ordered the beheading of a Jew and an Armenian seen dressed in forbidden attire. The last Ottoman decree affirming the distinctive clothing for dhimmis was issued in 1837 by Mahmud II. Discriminatory clothing was not enforced in those Ottoman provinces where Christians were the majority, such as Greece and the Balkans.



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Brazil is home to many things,
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